Doris Lessing She is an unrivaled novelist in the literary genres around the globe, portrays the fundamental problems of women as well as social system of her times. Lessing searches for new models to communicate the experiences of a blocked woman writer, who spends her early life in Africa, becomes an active and a disappointed communist, who is a politically committed writer, a mother, a wife, or a mistress sometimes a woman. With her very keen and subtle attitude, Lessing wants to present women’s psychological conflicts between marriage and love; motherhood and profession, unfairness of the double standard; alienation of a single career woman; hollowness of marriage in the traditional order and society. Lessing portrays her women in various social problems and with various perspectives of male against female. She tries to awaken women community to protest against the patriarchy through her feminist writings. For this purpose, this research paper would like to examine the psychological conflicts and traumatic experiences of powerful heroines, including- Anna Wulf of The Golden Notebook, Mary Turner of The Grass Is Singing, and Clefts of The Cleft.
Maya Angelou
The courage and humility that Dr. Angelou possesses is what enables her to inspire women to be proud of who they are and to be proud of their womanliness, most importantly that they can inspire others that we, as women, can move towards change.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
We teach girls that they can have ambition, but not too much ... to be successful, but not too successful, or they'll threaten men. She asks that we begin to dream about and plan for a different, fairer world of happier men and women who are truer to themselves. Madonna
She said: “Thank you for acknowledging my ability to continue my career for 34 years in the face of blatant misogyny, sexism, constant bullying and relentless abuse.
Madonna spoke up about her views on feminism and the many instances of sexism that she's encountered as a woman working in the music industry.She said that women supporting each other will be the key a continued fight against sexism.
While NATO regimes celebrate the ‘Fall of the Berlin Wall’ as the highest expression of freedom, these same political leaders support, finance and promote the construction of oppressive walls throughout world: Unified Germany and its NATO partners have supported Israel’s Separation Wall dividing and caging millions of Palestinians for the better part of two decades.
Democratic Re-Unification or Annexation by Force
The West German regime seized control and dictated economic and social policies that destroyed their eastern neighbors’ economy by fiat.
There are many ‘death strips’ denying Latin Americans, Palestinians, Middle Easterners their freedom from want, blocking their escape from US-NATO wars and Israeli genocide.
Imperial wars are characterized by the construction and maintenance of complex ‘Western Walls’, far deadlier and brutal than the Berlin Wall and less likely to fall.
The Malignant Consequences of the Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Annexation of East Germany
The annexation of East Germany vastly increased the economic power of Germany, providing German capital with several million skilled workers and trained engineers at no cost. Germany’s enhanced power dictated the course of the European Union’s economic policy.
HOW 65 COUNTRIES HAVE ERECTED FENCES ON THEIR BORDERS- FOUR TIMES AS MANY AS WHEN THE BERLIN WALL WAS TOPPLED- S GOVERNMENTS TRY TO HOLD BACK THE TIDE OF MIGRANTS
Along the reading about Walls It shocked me the fact that when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 there were only 16 bordier fences around the world. However, In the 21st century, the purpose of borders has changed leading to a surge in construction of bordier barriers that mark different economic, political and cultural divisions between rich and poor... Click on this link to read the complete reflection about WALLS
A young girl called Siyanda Mohutsiwa explains that she has created a hashtag #IfAfricaWasaBar to promote social empathy among ordinary Africans and unity across the continent using social media such as twitter to overcome borders and circumstance.This idea have become successful because africans for all the continent began to participate with comments about issues from Africa. Access to the internet have given Africans place for making connections over their Africanness.
Siyanda Mohutsiwa explains how you acquire a different identity according to the place you belong in Africa and there are some resctrictions of borders it means that African do not know much of other countries in Africa. She states that Africans share problems but not the successes so she wants to foster Pan- Africaninsm which means to think collaboratively and support among africans.Besides, access to online networks has given young Africans something they have long had violently take: a voice so africans can take advantage of this tool to be heard.
Personally, I believe that Siyanda Mohutsiwa hashtag is an amazing idea that make a country more united about issues that concern the ordinary people of different place but that belong to the same place.
Some people think that some types of criminals should not go to prison. Instead they should do unpaid work in the community. To what extent do you agree?
Owing to the great variety of crimes that can be punishable by prison, some people argue that not all criminals are the same and it would therefore be more appropriate to give certain criminals community service instead. I agree that in some cases, prison may not be the best solution and community service would probably have more benefits.
One justification given for prisons is to keep society safe by removing criminals from the outside world. So the first thing to consider is if someone who has broken the law is a danger to other people. In the case of violent crime, there is an argument to keep the perpetrator away from society. However, burglary or possession of drugs, for example, does not involve violence against other people so the criminal does not present a direct danger to anyone in the community. Keeping these types of criminals in prison is expensive for the taxpayer and does not appear to be an effective punishment as they often commit the same crime again when they come out of prison.
Personally, I also believe punishments should reform people so they do not reoffend. A further reason not to put these people in prison is that they may mix with more dangerous and violent criminals, potentially committing a worse crime when they are released. By keeping them in the community, helping others, they not only learn new skills, but they could also develop more empathy and care towards others. If this occurs, society can only benefit.
Critics of this more rehabilitative approach to crime believe that justice should be harsh in order to deter people from committing similar crimes and that community service could be less likely to have that effect. However, there is very little evidence to suggest that long prison sentences deter criminals.
In conclusion, putting criminals who are not a danger to society in prison is expensive and, in my opinion, ineffective, both as a deterrent and as a form of rehabilitation. Community service for non-violent crimes benefits both society and the offender. That said, it would be useful to have more data to work out whether community service or prison is more likely to stop someone reoffending. I strongly believe that decisions on how best to deal with criminals should be based on evidence of what actually works.
Tips
Introduce your essay by restating the question in your own words.
If the essay asks you to what extent do you agree?, make your opinion clear throughout. You can either agree, partially agree or disagree with the statement, explaining and justifying your opinion.
The structure should be:
Introduction
The first reason why you agree/disagree
The second reason why you agree/disagree
The third reason why you agree/disagree (if you have one)
Conclusion
4. Use phrases to organise and link your ideas, e.g. Owing to … , One justification for … , The first thing to consider is … , A further reason … , In conclusion ... .
5. If you do not have solid evidence for your ideas, use modal verbs such as might, may or could (e.g. they could develop more empathy and care) or other tentative phrases (e.g. it does not appear to be an effective punishment).
6. Conclude by restating your opinion and summarising your two or three main arguments.
Jeremy Irons gives an argument against the
death penalty. He gives the reasons why there are supporters
and opposers to this idea. Jeremy explains that those who are in favour of the
death penalty are countries which can't afford a good legal counsel, those
without a voice in society while those with lower crime rates abolish the death penalty. The actor takes side against the death penalty because he
mentions some places where children are executed as a result of the death penalty.
He says that the death penalty is never acceptable because it abuses two of our
most basic human rights: Everyone has the right to live and no one shall be
subject to torture. Thus, an attack on these fundamental rights anywhere is an
attack against all of us.
Gender Diversity in Education increases the awareness of equitability, non - discriminatory environments, inclusive learning practices in education and societal awareness to recent paradigms of gender variety.
The best way to give your opinion about a topic is through an Essay . You can follow these tips to write one:
If you have a qeustion at the beginning of the essay you have to read the question carefully. If the question asks you to discuss the reasons for a problem and suggest solutions, make sure you do both.
In your introduction, restate the question in your own words and say what your essay will do. This essay will outline the reasons for … and offer solutions to the problem.
Plan the paragraphs of your essay before you write. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that summarises the main idea of the paragraph.
Develop your position fully by extending your ideas and using examples to support your arguments. Use linking expressions like Coupled with, Furthermore, In fact and Given these points to show what is coming next.
Try to use a wide range of vocabulary. Use natural-sounding collocations like equal opportunities and role model. Avoid repetition by using synonyms or words with similar meanings: girls, young women, females; children, youngsters. You can also use the former and the latter to refer to things you have just mentioned.
Build the conclusion from the ideas in the essay rather than introducing new ones.
Definition: Nominalization are nouns made from other parts of speech which help us to express complex ideas, perception, intelligence, epistemology but sometimes it impedes clear communication. It's used by lawyers, bureaucrats,business writers.It is a more formal register and in liguinstic terms this means that it uses more noun groups. Noun groups can be used to specify,describe,classify,and qualify so it can increase the content of our text that is its lexical density.
'Nominalization allows us to get away from the dynamic and real world sequencing that goes with speaking- we organize the text in terms of ideas,reasons,causes,etc.
Nominalization also allows us to pack in more lexical content per sentence'
How to nominalized verbs:
Use the present participle form of the verb;e.x.
Informal register: ' He sang his heart out.' Nominalized version: 'The heartfelt singing...' Informal register: ' She ran very fast.' Nominalized version: 'Her fast running...'
Add suffixes such as: tion- ment- al
frustrate,frustation
organized,organization
argue,argument
govern, government
refuse,refusal
propose,proposal.
Examples: Informal register: 'I handed my essay in late because my kids got sick.'
Nominalized version: 'The reason for the late submission of my essay was the illness of my children.' Informal register: 'Because the jobs are more complex, programs to train people will take longer.'
Nominalized version: 'The increased complexity of tasks will lead to the extensión of the training programs.' Informal register: 'I feel that'closing the gap' is tricky because kids just don't have the feel for talking in the same way as the way academics sometimes talk to each other.' Nominalized version: 'The challenge of 'closing the gap' is related to students'limited repertoires of academic registers.' Informal register: ' Writers who overload their sentences with nominalization tend to sound pompous and abstract.' Nominalized version: 'The proliferation of nominalizations in a discursive formation may be an indication of a tendency towards pomposity and abstraction.'
Informal register: In other words, by transforming verbs into their noun equivalents, students and academics can create complex sentences that are traditionally expected in academic writing. This process is called “nominalization,” a term which was first coined by John Williams in his book Style: Toward Clarity and Grace.
Nominalized version: First coined by John Williams in his book Style: Toward Clarity and Grace, “nominalization” is the term used to describe the transformation of a verb into a noun, thereby creating a complex sentence that satisfies the traditional expectations of academic writing.
Thesis statement is a single,specific claim that your essay supports.A good thesis statement is not simply an observation, a question or a promise. It includes a TOPIC, a PRECISE OPINION, and REASONING.
Parts of a thesis statement:
1- The SUBJECT: That's basically the topic of your essay.
2- The PRECISE OPINION: Your opinion on the subject/the topic of your essay.If you're not sure what that is,you should do a little research to help you formulate your opinion.
3- The BLUEPRINT of REASONS: This is where you show your reader HOW you plan to ARGUE and PROVE your opinion. Tipically, you should have 3 strong pieces of evidence to support your opinion. Later, you will expand on each detail in the body of the essay.
Example:
1.Topic/subject: Hip hop.
2.Your opinion on it: Hip hop is not offensive and positively influences urban youth.
3. Reasons/evidence to back up your opinion:
Gives urban youth a chance for artistic expression.
It's a form of street poetry.
Inspires youth to overcome challenges.
Polished thesis statement:
Though many people dismiss hip hop as offensive, hip hop music inspires urban youth to overcome challenges, offers an important opportunity for artistic expression and allows them to articulate the poetry of the street.
The pieces of evidence or "the blueprint" are only effective if:
1. I explain what I mean about each blue print point in the body paragraphs.
2. I provide detailed examples for each blue print point.
The thesis statement tells your readers:
1. Where you are going in your essay and
2. How you plan on getting there.
When you are composing a Thesis Statement, you need to know the following.:
Your TOPIC: What your paper will deal with.
Your CLAIM: What you think about the topic.
REASONS that SUPPORT your claim: 3 points that will persuade your readers to believe your claim.
Example:
1. Your topic: Shopping at Walmart.
2. Your claim: Everyone should shop at Walmart.
3. Reasons that supoort your claim:
- Walmart has variety.
- Walmart has a large inventory.
- Walmart has cheap prices.
Thesis with points listed:
- Points at the end of the thesis statement (Everyone should shop at Walmart beacause they have variety, a large inventory and cheap prices.)
- Points at the beginning of the thesis statement (The variety, large inventory and cheap prices at Walmart are why everyone should shop there.)
-Points listed in the sentence after the thesis statement (Everyone should shop at Walmart. They have variety, a large inventory and cheap prices.)
Tips for Writing Thesis Statements
1.Determine what kind of paper you are writing:
An analytical paper breaks down an issue or an idea into its component parts, evaluates the issue or idea, and presents this breakdown and evaluation to the audience.
An expository (explanatory) paper explains something to the audience.
An argumentative paper makes a claim about a topic and justifies this claim with specific evidence.
The claim could be
an opinion
a policy proposal
an evaluation
a cause-and-effect statement
an interpretation.
The goal of the argumentative paper is to convince the audience that the claim is true based on the evidence provided. If you are writing a text that does not fall under these three categories (e.g., a narrative), a thesis statement somewhere in the first paragraph could still be helpful to your reader.
2. Your thesis statement should be specific—it should cover only what you will discuss in your paper and should be supported with specific evidence.
3. The thesis statement usually appears at the end of the first paragraph of a paper.
4. Your topic may change as you write, so you may need to revise your thesis statement to reflect exactly what you have discussed in the paper.
How to structure a written paragraph in English by Alex:
Topic Sentence: It´s "what is your subject about".A good formula for writing an effective topic sentences is to come up with an interesting topic and give your opinion on it.
Body- Order of importance, or chronology:It consist of all of the supporting details and arguments for the topic sentence. There are two ways in which the details can be order:
By order of importance: It refers to what makes your arguments stand out.
By chronology: it refers to the ordering of events.
Closing sentence:It has two functions:
To restated the topic
To keep readers thinking.
TOPICS SENTENCES:
1. I saw around Velva a release from what was like slavery to the tyrannical soil, release from the ignorance that darkens the soul and from the loneliness that corrodes it. In this generation my Velva friends have rejoined the general American society that their pioneering fathers left behind when they first made the barren trek in the days of the wheat rush. As I sit here in Washington writing this, I can feel their nearness. (from Eric Sevareid, "Velva, North Dakota")
Good Work!
Answer:
The answer Many politicians deplore the passing of the old family-sized farm, but I'm not so sure. is correct.
Explanation:
Sevareid argues that farming is destructive as a way of life, no matter what romantic notions are attached to it. He is not writing about the productivity of farms, about his own life story ("I grew up on a family-sized farm..."), and his main point is not that people moved away from the cities in the late the nineteenth century.
2. The first is the wear-and-tear hypothesis that suggests the body eventually succumbs to the environmental insults of life. The second is the notion that we have an internal clock which is genetically programmed to run down. Supporters of the wear-and-tear theory maintain that the very practice of breathing causes us to age because inhaled oxygen produces toxic by-products. Advocates of the internal clock theory believe that individual cells are told to stop dividing and thus eventually to die by, for example, hormones produced by the brain or by their own genes. (from Debra Blank, "The Eternal Quest" [edited]).
Good Work!
Answer:
The answer There are two broad theories concerning what triggers a human's inevitable decline to death. is correct.
Explanation:
This paragraph is a straightforward description of two possibilities, neither of which is preferred over the other. In this case, it would be wrong to mention only one of the possibilities (the "internal time clock") in the topic sentence, or to treat it as a philosophical discussion of death itself ("we all must die..."). As for the biology professor, He or she might very well have given an interesting lecture, but that has nothing to do with the content of the paragraph.
3. The strictest military discipline imaginable is still looser than that prevailing in the average assembly-line. The soldier, at worst, is still able to exercise the highest conceivable functions of freedom -- that is, he or she is permitted to steal and to kill. No discipline prevailing in peace gives him or her anything remotely resembling this. The soldier is, in war, in the position of a free adult; in peace he or she is almost always in the position of a child. In war all things are excused by success, even violations of discipline. In peace, speaking generally, success is inconceivable except as a function of discipline. (from H.L. Mencken, "Reflections on War" [edited]).
Good Work!
Answer:
The answer We commonly look on the discipline of war as vastly more rigid than any discipline necessary in time of peace, but this is an error. is correct.
Explanation:
The topic sentence must emphasise the comparative nature of the paragraph. Mencken does argue that soldiers need discipline, but this is not all he argues in this paragraph. Likewise, while soldiers may well serve an important function in wartime, and while they may well be able to compete well in peacetime, neither of these points is discussed in the paragraph.
EXAMPLES OF TOPIC SENTENCES AND HOW TO WRITE IT:
Good Vs. Bad Topic Sentences
Bad: Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809.
Why isn’t this a good topic sentence? First and foremost, it tells the reader very little about what you are going to say. Not only that, but you are not using this valuable space in your paragraph to make a real point.
Good: Abraham Lincoln, born in 1809, was one of the most influential politicians in history.
With this topic sentence, you are making a strong point, which you will ideally back up with plenty of facts and good information. The reader also knows what to expect when you use this kind of statement.
Bad: I am going to discuss the Battle of Gettysburg.
While you are telling the reader what the topic is, you are still speaking in very broad terms with this kind of statement.
Good: The Battle of Gettysburg, fought in 1863, was the turning point in the Civil War.
You are making a strong point with this kind of statement, and narrowing down what you are going to talk about. In this case, you are discussing why the Battle of Gettysburg was such an important battle.
Bad: The Civil War had lasting effects on the American South.
With this topic sentence, you are saying what happened, but you are not saying why.
Good: Because the Civil War was fought mostly on Southern soil, it had lasting effects on the region.
With this topic sentence, you are describing a cause and an effect, and you can go into a little more detail in the following sentences.
2. Tips to write topic sentences:
There are a few qualities that make for a good topic sentence:
Brevity: Long, rambling sentences can be confusing. Don’t pack your topic sentence too full of details. That’s what the rest of the paragraph is for.
Clarity: Likewise, don’t beat around the bush. Say exactly what you want to say. Try not to engage in wordplay and don’t speak in vague terms.
Precision: Don’t be too broad when introducing the topic that you’re going to discuss. Not only is that a bland approach, it is also unhelpful to readers.
On the other hand, there are a few things that make for a bad topic sentence. Be sure that you aren’t using these kinds of sentences to introduce your paragraphs, as they are unhelpful to readers and do little to help you get your point across.
Don’t use facts as topic sentences. Remember, you are using the topic sentence to introduce a point you are trying to make, or your opinion.
Don’t just talk about the “what” – talk about the “why” as well. That is, don’t just think about the effect, but it’s cause.
Don’t say “I am going to tell you…” or I am going to speak about…” when introducing a topic.
British linguist John L Austin develped a theory of speech acts in which words are divided into two cathegories: Constatives (words that describe if something is true or false)and Performatives(words that denote an action).In orders words, a constative IS and a Performative DOES.Words not only bring about actions sometimes words themselves are actions that is what is known as Speech Acts.These actions included but are not limited to: ordering - promising - apologising- warning- sentencing - christening- marrying.
Performatives depend on context and reception these are known as "Felicity Conditions" are the rules under which the performatve can be enacted.The performatives should have porper authority. It should be understood, clear and it should be able to be executed if the performative doesn't meet these conditions the it doesn´t have the power to denote action but just because a performative meets its conditions and is clearly stated doesn´t mean that is implicity followed. All in all words have power not only to describe but also make commands.
TIHNK SECTION.
1. Which is not one of the parts of speech defined by Austin?
Constatives
Formatives
Performatives
None of the above
2. If the headline reads, "Heatwave!", but the sky is cloudy and it feels cold outside, what best describes the headline?
It is a performative
The printers accidentally printed yesterday's headline
It is a false constative
It is a grammar error
3. What is a speech act?
When people talk about what they are doing.
When words are actions.
A presentation that incites action
The constitutional amendment that allows for freedom of speech.
4. Which felicity conditions best describe a succesful performative?
Authoritative
Understood
Clear
Able to be executed
All of the above
5. Just because a performative meets the felicity conditions and is clearly stated, it doesn't mean it's implicitly followed.
True
False.
6. Describe a time when you disregarded a performative that resulted in another performative (for example, you ignored the no running sign and were banished from the pool for the rest of the day).
Once when I was using my cellphone in the bank as usual and the guard warned me by telling me that it was not allowed to use cellphones inside the bank.
There are several ways to cite a source (MLA, Turabian, Chicago). Here you have APA Citation Style Author(s). (Date). Title of Book/ "Title of Article"/ Title of Periodical/ Volume. Pages. Place of Publication. Publisher. Journal or Magazine Article Wilcox, R. V. (1991). "Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation". Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65. Journal or Magazine Article Dubeck, L. (1990). "Science fiction aids science teaching." Physics Teacher, 28, 316-318. Newspaper Article Di Rado, A. (1995, March 15). "Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek." Los Angeles Times, p. A3. Article from an Internet Database Mershon, D. H. (1998, November-December). "Star Trek on the brain: Alien minds, human minds." American Scientist, 86, 585. Retrieved July 29, 1999, from Expanded Academic ASAP database. BookOkuda, M., & Okuda, D. (1993). Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future. New York: Book Pocket Books Article or ChapterJames, N. E. (1988). "Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock." In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum of the fantastic (pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood. Encyclopedia ArticleSturgeon, T. (1995). Science fiction. In The encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 24, pp. 390-392). Danbury, CT: Grolier. WebsiteLynch, T. (1996). DS9 trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club Web site: http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/ 503r.html Notes
Arrange the items on your reference list alphabetically by author, interfiling books, articles, etc.
Use only the initials of the authors' first (and middle) names.
If no author is given, start with the title and then the date.
If you are using a typewriter that cannot produce italics, then use underlining instead.
Magazine articles: include the month (and day) as shown under Newspapers.
Websites: if the date the page was created is not given, use (n.d.).
DuocUC capacita a personal del Servicio Médico Legal. El Mercurio, Santiago, 16 de enero de 2008, p. B11, sección Vida Empresarial, col. 2. adapted from: http://essayinfo.com/citations/index.php
Examples from different sources: Newspaper ArticleDuocUC capacita a personal del Servicio Médico Legal. El Mercurio, Santiago, 16 de enero de 2018, p. B11, sección Vida Empresarial, col. 2. Book GIAMMATEO,M.
-HALBANO, H.(2009) Lengua. Léxico, gramática y texto: un enfoque para su
enseñanza basado en estrategias múltiples.Como se construyen los textos.
Editorial Biblos, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
·Article from an Internet Database
ABOUT ESPAÑOL: El uso de internet en los
adolescentes
